Sunday, August 29, 2010
Tzatziki Salad
2 medium cucumbers or 1 english cucumber
4 Green Onions
1 can cannellini beans or chick peas(aka garbanzo beans) (whichever you like better)
Juice and zest of 1 small lemon
1 T dill weed (half this if you are using fresh dill)
1 tomato
Kalamata olives (1 small jar or about 1/4 cup)
1/2 c mayonnaise
1 small container of Greek Yogurt (or about 1/4 cup)
4 oz chopped feta
Mix the Lemon Juice, Lemon Zest, Dill, Yogurt and Mayonnaise in a large bowl.
Chop the cucumber, onion (make sure you include the greens!) and tomatoes and add them in a bowl.
Add the kalamata olives and chopped feta. Stir to combine.
Let the flavors marinade for an hour. Taste to see if additional salt is needed (the olives and feta are very salty so you may not need to add more - but you may not be able to tell if the flavors don't have time to mix first!)
Enjoy!
Samosa Spices
Here is what I found from various recipes:
cumin (I guessed that one!)
garlic
ginger
salt
pepper
coriander
tumeric
chile powder
cardamom
chile peppers
garam masala (never heard of this one! keep reading for more info)
Samosas generally were filled with lamb or vegetables cooked with these spices and wrapped in Phyllo dough or a pie crust type dough then deep fried. I did find one particularly interesting recipe that used these spices, cilantro, onion and yogurt to make a creamy filling. I thought that sounded really good!
Garam Masala - is apparently kind of like curry in that it is a mix of spices that are kept on hand and used in many Indian dishes. "This is the most aromatic and fragrant of all Indian spice blends. Used throughout North India in all types of dishes — from appetizers and soups to yogurt salad and main courses — this blend is indispensable to Moghul and North Indian cooking" Here is a "standard" garam masala recipe - mix it up and use it instead of salt to add heat and flavor to savory dishes:
Ingredients:
2 tablespoons cumin seeds
2 tablespoons coriander seeds
2 tablespoons cardamom seeds
2 tablespoons black peppercorns
1 (3-inch) stick cinnamon, broken up
1 teaspoon whole cloves
1 teaspoon grated nutmeg
1/2 teaspoon saffron (optional)
Put the cumin, coriander, cardamom, peppercorns, cinnamon, and cloves in a dry heavy skillet over medium-high heat. Toast the spices, stirring occasionally, until they turn several shades darker and give off a sweet smoky aroma, about 10 minutes. Do not raise the heat to quicken the process, or the spices will brown prematurely, leaving the insides undercooked. Cool completely.
Working in batches if necessary, transfer the mixture to a spice mill or coffee grinder and grind to a powder. Stir in the nutmeg and saffron. Use immediately or store in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.
I think I may have to whip up a batch and add it to my seasoning arsenal!
Another Train Story
Once the train doors closed, a foul distinctive odor was clearly present. Several people were looking around and fanning their faces looking for the source of the odor. At the next stop several people got off the train to wait for the next one. I smiled at the old man and he smiled back. I was trying to ignore the odor by taking shallow breaths and focusing on my puzzle book. Two stops later, most people had moved to the other end of the train or gotten off. The train security, a black man in his late 20s, a bleach blonde white woman about my age, and the older man were the only ones left in the "smelly" end of the train.
The black man starts complaining louder and louder about the smell. "I hope you all don't think that's me because it's not!" he proclaimed. The white woman pulled out a wet nap and covered her nose and mouth with it to cover the smell. She gave the black man one as well. I glance at the older man and his face has started to flush. His look was something between pain and embarrassment. I looked down and saw that some fecal matter had run out of the bottom of his pants on to his shoes. I smiled at him again and went back to my puzzle. I felt sorry for him. I know how embarrassed I get when I sneeze with a full bladder, so I could only imagine how he was feeling. I didn't bring any attention to him, but I was secretly hoping his stop was coming up soon, both for him and for us who were dealing with the smell. About that time the black man stood up, pointed at the old man and said "Oh my God, it's him. His pants are full! Dude, that smell is awful." He turns to the train security man and said "Can't you do something about this? This is bad!" At the next stop the security man asked the old man to get off the train. I think the old man thought he was checking for his ticket because he reached in his wallet to pull it out - just then the doors closed and the train pulled away leaving the old man on the platform holding his ticket in his hand.
In my head I kept thinking "All he wanted to do was get home. Some day I am going to be old and may be infirm and I hope I am treated with more kindness than that." The security guy, the black man, and the woman spent the rest of the trip making fun of the man, saying really awful things and talked about how glad they were he was off the train. I kept thinking "I should say something. They don't know anything about this man. What if it was them!" But I didn't. I buried my head in my puzzle and kept to myself.
I can't stop thinking about that man. His kind face, his easy smile, then the look of embarrassment and the confused and sad look when the doors closed on the train. I wish I had had the strength to stand up for him. To tell the people to keep their mouths shut. For all anyone knew his stop was the next one. Every person deserves some dignity - it was just a bad smell - it's not like we don't smell worse all the time from factories and farms. I am so ashamed of myself. The least I could have done is say something in his defense - in my heart I know I should probably have gotten off the train with him and helped him get home. What kind of a person just looks away?
Squash Casserole
3 cups summer squash (I used a mix of yellow and zucchini)
1 cup shredded carrots
1 medium onion chopped
4 eggs
½ c milk
1 can cream of mushroom soup (I actually used cream of chicken and added dried wild mushrooms – the key is the creaminess of the soup and the flavor from the mushroom)
1 ½ cups cheddar cheese, shredded
1/3 cup parmesan cheese, grated or shredded
Salt to taste
Italian Seasoning to taste (about 1 tsp – fresh basil would be great too)
1 sleeve of Club Buttery Garlic crackers, crushed (If you use regular butter crackers, add Garlic to the recipe!)
Preheat oven to 350
Slice the summer squash. Dump them into a 3 quart casserole dish with the carrots and onion.
Mix the eggs, milk, soup, cheeses, seasonings. Add 2/3 of the crackers. Pour over the vegetables and stir slightly (don’t want to crush the veges or make a mess, just get the mix incorporated a little.
Bake for 60 minutes.
Remove from the oven. Add the remaining crackers to the top of the casserole. Bake for an additional 30 minutes.
Note: Do not pre-cook the veges. It tends to make them mushy. It means you have to cook the casserole longer, but the squash comes out cooked with a toothy firmness to it, and the carrots add a nice sweetness.
6/10/10: Who Ruined Who (A Jasper Tail..err.. Tale)
I head back to the grooming area and Jasper is being very good - at least I think he is being good. He is laying quietly on the table while the girl trims his claws. The lady looks at me, then looks at Jasper and just shrugs and goes back to clipping his claws. I soon realize that she is not used to dealing with dogs who aren't standing. Apparently she had spent the entire time I was shopping trying to get him to stand up so she could get to his paws more easily. When I clip his nails at home, he hates having it done, so I have him lay down because he doesn't pull his paws so much. So he was being good and doing what he thought he was supposed to do - it just wasn't what she expected. She tried several times to pick him up and make him stand, but it was like picking up a wet towel. He kept looking at me like "What is she thinking?!?!?" She finally finishes. She tells me, "I have never had a dog who refuses to stand up before. He just would NOT stand up!" and we leave.
So we get back to the car. It's VERY hot. I am sweating, the dog is panting. I decide to stop at Chik-Fil-A for ice cream for me and water for him. I order a small shake to put in the freezer for later, a small ice cream cone to eat in the car, and a cup of ice water. I forgot that they use the domed open top lids for the shakes since they put whipped cream on them. "I can do this" I think to myself when she hands me the 2 cups. I put the water down and take the lid off and put it in the center cup holder. Jasper takes a couple of licks. I put the shake cup down and put the lid from the water cup over the hold in the dome lid. As I get the ice cream cone, the cashier asks me if I want a biscuit for Jasper. "Sure" I say. I reach up for the biscuit and Jasper C. once again earns his middle name "Crumbsnatcher" and proceed to eat the ice cream off the cone as fast as he can before I can get it away from him. I pull away from the window - dog biscuit on the floor and ice cream cone half eaten. As the ice cream starts melting all over me, I decide to toss it out the window and Jasper is enjoying his water. Well, I thought he was enjoying his water. I look down and his water is untouched. He has knocked the flat lid off of the dome lid and has proceeded to eat the cherry, most of the whipped cream and was working on the shake. "JASPER! NO!" I yell. I grab the shake, but not to be out-gamed Jasper uses his newly manicured paws to snag the hole in the dome of the lid and dumps shake all over me. Luckily we were almost home by this point.
We get home, get out of the car, and come inside. I clean myself up and give Jasper dirty looks. I sit down on the couch with the laptop and get ready to send an email telling everyone how bad he has been. I reach for the mouse and get nothing but hair. Jasper has sat down on the mouse and refuses to move. "Jasper, really?" I say to him. He proceeds to lay down on the mouse and go to sleep. I give in and decide to wait until later to send the email.
I am not sure if he ruined me or if I ruined him, but today was definitely not an example of discipline and grace for either of us.
Chillers (Almond Milk MilkShakes)
Here is the recipe:
1 c. Almond milk
2 scoops Ice Cream
6 ice cubes
Fruit (I tried Strawberries first - 1 pint, and liked it so much, I did it with mangoes - 2 mangoes, then bananas and mandarin oranges - all were awesome)
Throw it all in a blender and mix mix mix! It would even be good with liquor if you were wanting a mixed drink.
Acedia
Acedia was a concept developed by Christians in the fourth century who fled to the deserts of the middle east in an effort to return to the simple life and rebel against the wealthy and politically powerful church. These men and women discovered that even though they had left their material possessions behind, they held on to their inner demons. They developed a psychology of the “eight bad thoughts” that commonly troubled them: gluttony, sexual immorality, love of money, sadness, anger, acedia, vainglory and pride. These eight bad thoughts were later re-written as the seven deadly sins – acedia became a part of sloth. Though the word itself has been lost, its effects are widely understood. If you look at modern psychological descriptions, you will find acedia. “A toxic, nearly unbearable mix of boredom and restlessness, frantic escapism (including that of workaholism), commitment-phobia and enervating despair.” Sound familiar?
Evagrius, one of these Christians who traveled the desert, conceptualized the basic notion that thoughts matter. Our inner life has consequence. What goes on in our mind or our hearts shapes our words and our actions and affects those around us. We are not victims of our thoughts, we bear responsibility for them. “It is not in our power to determine whether we are disturbed by these (bad) thoughts, but it is up to us to decide if they are to linger within us and whether or not they are to stir up our passions.” His teachings were similar to what we call Congnitive Behavioral Therapy today. There is nothing wrong with looking at the past, but the more important issue is how to live right now with thoughts, emotions and behaviors which may seem out of control. Evagrius considered Acedia to be a spiritual affliction that is far more deadly than physical and mental afflictions such as lust, gluttony, anger or depression because it creates a weariness of soul that instills hatred for place, work and life itself.
In the world today we have addictions to the internet and virtual worlds, fractured families who are so busy that they no longer spend time together, a society that is the wealthiest in history yet whose citizens remain dissatisfied and turn to drugs for anxiety, depression and other disorders. People have lost faith in themselves and others. Acedia offers a false sense of complacency and security. We can feel more for our “online” friends than we do our neighbors, look at the bad things in the world as “the way things are” and relieve ourselves of any responsibility for doing something about it. We see the homeless person and think “That’s not me”. We see the hungry child and think “That’s not my child”. We see the old man sitting in the park and think “That’s not my father.” We can be so busy we don’t have time to care or fight, we can be too tired to feel compassion, or decide that the problems are so big there is nothing we can do about them, so why try.
Perhaps in this time of economic upheaval, war, and uncertainty, it is time for us to look to the monks of the early 5th century as an example. They focused on mind and spirit, life in community and provided a great model for mutual support in an age where social structures were fractured. They cared for the orphans and the sick, identified with the poor, and offered help to people who were hurting. Monasteries became the institutions of learning and rebuilding. After all, before a kingdom can be rebuilt, the inner work must be done. What rebuilding needs to happen in our lives to improve the world around us? Why is Pride – making too much of ourselves – more focused on as a sin than Sloth – being less than what we can be?
“Dejection and anger afflict the mind; food, things and sex burden the body; but acedia is lodged in the very soul.” – Mary Margaret Funk (modern Benedictine)
“Our present age is perhaps no more evil than a number of preceding periods, but it is evil in a special way. Namely, the extent to which we have obliterated our consciousness of evil. It is marvelous to observe how often the self-proclaimed defenders of the right and good do not seem to have noticed in themselves the vices of pomposity, exaggeration, and self-righteousness.” - Alasdair MacIntyre
“It may be easy to profess not to believe in sin, but it is hard not to believe in sinners, so we embrace the comfortable notion that at least they are other people.” – Kathleen Norris
Story: Two men travelled through the desert on foot. Eventually they ran out of food. Facing endless sand, hunger and diminishing strength, the men cried out to God for help. Soon they arrived at a crossroads where they found 2 loaves of bread. The hungry men ate, continued on their journey and eventually reached their destination.
Student: Who do you think dropped the bread? An Angel or a Demon?
Teacher: It does not matter who dropped the bread. We give glory to God because this experience does not profit the soul, but purifies it.
(Read the book Acedia and Me by Kathleen Norris)
Chocolate Risotto
Chocolate Risotto
4 T Butter
1/2 c Arborio rice
2 T Sugar
2 c Milk (I used skim although a milk with higher fat content would probably make it creamier)
1/2 c semisweet chocolate (chips or pieces, don't use a big chunk because it may not melt)
1 t Vanilla
1 t Brandy (optional)
Melt the butter in a large Sautee pan with a cover (this doesn't work as well in a sauce pan). Add Arborio rice. Stir until rice is coated.
Place the milk and sugar in a microwave safe cup or bowl and heat until the milk is boiling. (It took 1 + 1.5 mins in my microwave - you can heat the milk in a saucepan until is is nearly boiled).
With the rice and butter mix over medium heat, add the milk a little at a time (I did 1/4 cup at a time) stirring until the liquid is absorbed. Keeping adding the milk until you have added the entire 2 cups. You should have a thick and creamy mixture, but not watery. (If your mixture is too watery, cover and let it sit over low heat for 10 minutes.)
Add the chocolate (I used just under 1/2 cup of chips and threw in a couple of Ghiridelli Intense Dark squares and it had a very nice chocolate flavor), Vanilla and Brandy. Stir until the chocolate is melted. If you don't mind the mixture not quite being as thick as pudding, you can eat it warm, or for a more pudding like consistency, let it set in the refrigerator for 2 hours. (I had some warm and it was very good, but it was also good cold.)
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This recipe is a take off from one I saw on an italian cooking website. I modified it to use ingredients I had on hand. The original recipe called for almonds and raisins to be added when the chocolate was added - so you can give that a try. If you are lactose intolerant, I imagine that Almond Milk I have seen advertised would be quite tasty in this.
3/25/10: Man Brains
In general, the brain of a male and female are very similar, but it’s the differences that make you want to throw the man closest to you under the nearest bus.
“Defend Your Turf” – As most of you probably expected, this part of the brain is larger in males and men have the added benefit of special circuits to detect territorial challenges by other males.
Alarm System – Yes, even the alarm system for threats, fear and danger is larger in men, making them more alert to threats.
“I feel what you feel” – This part of the brain is larger in females. Again, I don’t think this comes as a surprise to anyone. This allows women to excel at reading facial expressions, interpreting tone of voice and other nonverbal emotional cues. (No, he really doesn’t know your irritated and has no clue why you should be – however, his alarm system is probably starting to ring if you take off your shoe to throw it at him…)
The pursuit of sex – Raise your hand if you think you know how this one will turn out. The sex part of the brain is larger in males. It’s not just a little larger, its 2.5 times larger! If testosterone were beer, a 9-year old boy gets the equivalent of 1 cup per day – a 15 year old boy gets the equivalent of 2 gallons per day. That explains a lot, right? Especially the glazed look a man gets when he sees breasts. Yes, men look at women like women look at jewelry. And while we are still fuming about his behavior, he is deciding what he wants to watch on TV.
While male brains are pursuing sex, female brains are pursuing safety, security, and reliability. That said, a man can fall as hard and fast into love as a woman, but for him, it happens when love and lust collide. Once that happens, he is hooked for life.
When a woman becomes pregnant (are you reading this Mike?) she emits pheromones that stimulate a man’s brain to make more Prolactin and at the same time decreases testosterone production by 30%. This change makes the man more likely to help with the baby and increase his ability to hear a baby cry. (This is the part you need to pay attention to Mary!) The more a man takes hands-on care of the child, the more his brain aligns to the role of fatherhood.
While men seem to be less emotional than women, that just isn’t true. What is different is the response to the emotions. Initially, a man’s emotional reaction is actually stronger than a female’s, but within 2.5 seconds he is able to hide or reverse the emotion because his analytical responses kick in. When a woman cries, she talks about what’s wrong. The man, on the other hand, starts immediately engaging his analytical side to find a resolution. Yes, this is why instead of hugging you and telling you it is going to be Ok, he says something stupid like “You wouldn’t look fat in those jeans if you ate less ice cream.” It’s not because he is insensitive, it is because he is trying to alleviate the pain by offering a resolution to the problem as quickly as possible.
As men age, testosterone goes down and estrogen goes up. This makes the man more receptive to closer bonds and more sensitive to loneliness. Women, on the other hand, have less estrogen and more testosterone, so they do the opposite. . If your man gets abnormally tired, irritable and depressed, you may want to look in to hormone replacement therapy. In addition to increased estrogen, men also experience an increase on oxytocin, a hormone that makes a man much more patient and playful – which makes him seem like he is a different person with his grandchildren than he was with his children.
The bottom line? Men are men and will always be men. Pat them on their pointed little heads, make them feel important and don’t take it too personally when they don’t respond the way you want them too – that’s just how they are wired.
Oh Bella (Portabella Mushrooms)
Bella Cheesesteaks
Portabello or cremini mushrooms
onions
peppers
salt
pepper
whatever other spices you like on your steak
butter
olive oil
cheese
bread
Put a Tbsp of butter and a drizzle of olive oil in a skillet over medium high heat.
Slice the mushrooms, onions, and peppers. Add the onions and mushrooms to the pan. Add spices. When the onions and mushrooms are half cooked and starting to turn clear add the peppers (peppers have a tendency to get bitter if they are added to early)
If you like your bread toasted, then toast your bread. Put a couple of slices of cheese on your bread (I used swiss because I had it left over from Ruebens the week before). Add the veggie mix.
Biscuits and Bella Gravy
I love Biscuits and Gravy, so I thought - what a great way to reduce the guilt factor - substitute bellas for sausage. (for additional guilt reduction, put it on toast instead of biscuits)
Bella mushrooms
onion
saussage spices (red pepper, sage, garlic, etc. check the ingredients list on your favorite sausage package for ideas)
butter
flour
salt
pepper
skim milk (you can use regular, but I thought skim made a nicer gravy consistency)
biscuit(or toast)
Put 2 Tbsp of butter in a skillet over medium heat. Chop the onions and mushrooms (I also did a version with spinach added as well). Add spices and cook until the mixture is cooked through and nicely browned.
Add flour (about 1/4 c but it varies depending on how you like your gravy). Stir until you have coated the vege mixture.
Reduce heat to medium-low and add milk, stirring constantly so you don't get lumps.
So there you go. There are my bella creations!
3/23/10: News that Isn't really news
The Grapefruit Diet, The Apple Cider Vinegar Diet, The Cabbage Soup Diet, The All Juice Diet, The Maple Syrup Diet. You have probably heard of most of these or maybe even tried some yourself. So does it really surprise you that these diets are being highlighted as diets that don’t work?
Octomom may be losing her home to foreclosure:
Really? But she seemed so wise and fiscally responsible – living with her parents and on welfare with 6 children and choosing to have 8 more. After having made millions (and spent millions on her wardrobe, high end makeup and some plastic surgery) – she could not come up with the $450,000 balloon payment for her house – that her father has been making the $4000 per month payments on. What a shocker.
Lehman cheated:
The financial giant who fell after being an iconic company in the financial world for decades has been outed for having used questionable accounting practices. Who knew?
Democrats pass bill, Republicans cry foul:
Democrats managed to get enough votes to pass the landmark health care bill, and Republicans are crying and focusing on derailing it (after packing 1700 pages of pork on top of the 1000 page bill). Now the bill is up for reconciliation. The bill opens the door for 33M Americans currently without health care to get it. Republicans cry “Unconstitutional!” Is it as unconstitutional as requiring Americans to carry car insurance? Personally, I think health insurance is MUCH more important than car insurance. I love the hype of “Putting government between you and your doctor” when the bill does no such thing – it forces the insurance companies to spend more money on actual healthcare instead of on ways to deny big claims and lining their own pockets. Oooh… what a sin! And in the mean time they get more customers for the insurance companies to spread the costs across – how awful! It also penalizes companies with more than 50 employees for not providing health care – darn those vicious people! The government is supposed to be looking out for businesses – I mean people – err… um… whatever.. (the bill is by no means perfect and there are things in it that I don’t agree with, but at least it is a step in the right direction) Let’s see if the Republicans once again stomp on their constituents in favor of their own personal gains and party politics grandstanding! (Pat on the back for Judd Gregg(R-NH) who is encouraging his colleagues to stick to serious and relevant areas.) Side note: 37 states have health care bills similar to the one that just passed in the works - and if it was so horrible, that would not be the case - plus 1 state already has public health care. Does it really make more sense to make health care a state issue where you could end up not being covered when you were away from home?
Is any of this really news?
3/14/10: Luck of the Irish (Cabbage Recipes)
In my normal fashion, I wait for the grocery ads to come out on Wednesday, plan a menu based on what is on sale, then shop on Sunday when I can pick up a paper with coupons in it. Since it's almost St. Patrick's day the ingredients of the week were Corned Beef and Cabbage. I like both of these foods but don't make them very often. Corned beef is often over priced and Cabbage just doesn't catch my eye often. But I thought "Great! It will be Corned Beef and Cabbage this week." What I had in mind was a typical throw it in the slow cooker type dish. However, as is also my tendancy, I got home and changed my mind.
I decided I really was craving rueben sandwiches, so I saved the corned beef for that - although I am sure I will need to do something else with it as well.
That left me with Cabbage. I can't be boring and just cook cabbage can I? Of course not! Both of my cabbage creations turned out quite well. Here are the recipes.
Cabbage Stew:
2 T Butter
1 Onion
3 Medium Potatoes
1 c Chicken Broth
1 small cabbage or half of a large one
1 pound Smoked Sausage or Polska Kielbsa
3 t Red Wine Vinegar
Salt and Pepper to taste
In a large deep saute pan over medium heat, add the butter. Slice the onions (I slice in half, then with the flat side of the onion down, make half moons) and add them to the pan. Grate (yes, grate, don't pre-cook!) the potatoes in the pan over the onion. Stir until combined. The potatoes will start to look a little gluey, this is a good thing. Add the chicken broth stirring constantly. The starch from the potatoes will start to form a gravy. Shred the Cabbage and add it to the pan. Stir and cover. While the cabbage is cooking, slice the sausage in rounds and throw it in with the rest. Add the Red Wine Vinegar (I used Pomegranate Vinegar), salt and pepper. Cover the dish and let it cook for 2 minutes. Stir - you will find the potatoes tend to stick to the bottom of the pan and get a lovely brown color. Cook 2 more minutes. Stir. Lower heat to LOW. Leave the dish covered until the Cabbage is tender (about 5 more minutes).
Scalloped Cabbage:
(Is it possible to have dinner without cheese?)
1 small cabbage
1 onion
1 c chicken broth
3 T butter
2 T flour
1 c milk
1 c shredded cheese (I used Colby Jack - but pretty much any cheese will do - an italian blend would probably be excellent, but I did not have any)
salt and pepper to taste
Crumbled Crackers
Preheat oven to 350
Shred the cabbage and slice the onion. Place it in a sauce pan. Add the chicken broth. Add water to just cover the cabbage and onion. Place the saucepan over medium high heat and cover. Cook for 8 minutes - until "al dente"
While the cabbage is cooking melt the butter over medium heat. Add the flour and stir until the mixture starts to darken. Add the milk, stirring constantly so you don't get lumps. Let the mixture cook until it starts to thicken. Add cheese, salt and pepper. Stir until it is a nice sauce.
Drain the cabbage (I left a little liquid in because my sauce was a little too thick). In a casserole dish (sprayed with cooking spray) add the cabbage. Pour the sauce over the cabbage. Top with crumbled butter crackers (I used French's fried onions because I had them).
Bake until the topping is browned.
Greening Your Home: Insulation
Radiation: transfer of heat from one object to another through the air
Conduction: transfer of heat between two objects that are touching
Convection: cyclical flow of air (hot air rises, displacing cold air which falls and heats up eventually causing it to rise again)
The R-value that you see when talking about insulation is a measure of effectiveness in stopping heat transfer. The higher the R-value, the less heat transfer there is.(It’s the opposite of the U-factor we talked about in the segment on windows.)
Is improving your insulation going to pay off? Try this calculator:
http://www.finehomebuilding.com/item/8998/payback-estimator-insulation-upgrade
Things to ask:
- Where should you focus your insulation efforts?
- How much insulation do you need?
- What type of insulation should you use?
Start with the basement/crawlspace if you have one. Warm, dry basements and crawlspaces can extend living and storage space, but tend to be sources of moisture, high humidity and mold. Spray foam is a fast and effective way to bring these areas into your conditioned space while sealing leaks between the foundation and the floor framing. If you are looking at creating a Net Zero Energy Use home (a home that produces as much energy as it uses), shoot for R-10 under the basement slab and R-20 in the basement walls.
Next, look at your roof. Air leaks in at the bottom of a house and leaks out at the top. A poorly insulated roof makes a house cold and drafty in the winter and hot in the summer. Air seal your roof using spray foam – this will also eliminate the need for roof venting which can be costly in complicated roofs. If you are blowing in insulation, make sure you seal air leaks and choose the right sealant for the job (example: Fire resistant seal needs to be used around the chimney). If you want to know where to look for potential air leaks in the attic, check for these: Recessed lights and electrical boxes, Holes for wires or pipes, spaces between the framing and chimney, plumbing or electrical chases, framed soffits that are open to the attic, drywall joints between ceiling and wall plates, and leaky joints in ductwork. The deeper your rafter cavities, the easier and cheaper it is to add insulation. If you are re-roofing your home, consider putting rigid foam board insulation on top of your sheathing. For a Net Zero energy home, shoot for R-60. Code minimums are woefully short of effective insulation – they are generally around R-25.
Last, insulate your walls. Opening up an existing wall to add insulation can be an expensive endeavor, but over the years, it has gotten better. Many contractors carry infrared cameras that can see if the voids in your walls have been filled with insulation without disturbing the walls. You can blow cellulose into wall cavities for a quick addition. If you are re-siding your home, consider installing foam sheathing on the outside of the home before re-siding. While codes only require as high as R-19 in cold climates, for a Net Zero Energy Use home, aim for R-40.
What’s in your walls now? It could be a number of things – or nothing at all. If you want to find out, check the electrical outlets – remove the cover plate and shine a flashlight into the space where the drywall or plaster meets the electrical box. If that doesn’t work you can drill a hole up into the wall cavity from the basement or down from the attic – use a piece of bent wire to help with probing. As a last resort, you can cut a small hole into a wall where it won’t be noticed and can easily be patched.
If your house was built prior to 1930 you may not have any insulation unless it was added later.
If your house was built between 1925 and 1950, you may have Vermiculite insulation. This naturally occurring mineral is a light weight, brownish-pink or brownish-silver colored pellet that was usually poured into wall cavities. If you have this type of insulation, you will need an asbestos-removal professional to handle removal and you should not disturb this insulation. You can consider topping off wall cavities with fiberglass, cellulose or pour foam.
Fiberglass is by far the most common type of insulation and has been used since the 1930s. This insulation can be yellow, pink, blue, or green. It also has questionable carcinogenic properties and will definitely make you itchy. Use gloves and a face mask when dealing with this insulation. Consider improving your insulation by filling empty spaces with blown cellulose or fiberglass or special types of pour foam.
If your house was built between 1935 and 1950 you may have Cotton Batts that are similar to dense cotton balls with a pilly or fuzzy appearance. While it is safe to touch, it is still best to wear a mask to protect your lungs. Also, don’t get it wet because it will take a long time to dry. Because it is a natural material, this insulation is becoming more popular with “green” builders. Consider housewrap or rigid foam on the outside wall to improve insulation.
If your house was built in the 1940s you may have Balsam Wood insulation. This is a type of wool made from balsam wood fibers. It is tan or brown and likely to be packaged in black paper batts. The fibers look similar to sawdust. Balsam wood is not a health hazard. Consider improving your insulation by filling empty spaces with blown cellulose or fiberglass or special types of pour foam.
If your house was built in the 1950s you may have Rock Wool insulation which is a fluffy, cotton like material that started out white or grey but is probably dark brown or black with age. This is a safe material and is starting to come back into popularity with “green” builders. It is not likely to settle over time and has the same insulating value as fiberglass or cellulose. Consider housewrap or rigid foam on the outside wall to improve insulation.
If your house was built in the late 70s, you probably have UFFI (Urea-Formaldehyde Foam). This is a light weight brownish gold foam that will likely crumble when you touch it. This insulation was banned in 1982 so the chances of elevated levels of formaldehyde existing due to the use of this product are slim. This foam has a high rate of shrinkage and deteriorates if it comes into contact with water. Unfortunately, this insulation is not a good candidate for removal – your best bet is to add rigid foam to the exterior walls under the siding to make up for voids in the wall.
I have mentioned rigid foam, blown cellulose and other insulation options. Let me take a minute to talk about what is out there.
Rigid foam works on any home because it is installed on the outside of the walls. It is attached directly to framing, sheathing, or siding, then covered with new siding, so it can be a costly process. Rigid Foams include EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) which runs about 45 cents per square foot and has an R-4 rating per inch (for comparison, fiberglass has an R-3.5 rating per inch), XPS (Extruded Polystyrene) which runs about 50 cents per square foot and has an R-5 rating, and Polyiso (Polyisocyanurate) which costs about 80 cents per square foot and has a rating of R-6.5 per inch and tend to be faced with foil to retard the flow of water vapor.
Pour foam is the most thorough insulation since it is injected into the wall cavity, flows as a liquid into the bottom of the stud cavity, then expands filling spaces and surrounding even the most complicated plumbing. Open Cell foams – which are permeable by water vapor have an R-4 rating while closed cell foams have an R-6 rating.
Spray foam, also known as Super Insulation, doesn’t settle and doesn’t give off toxic gas chemicals. Closed Cell foam has R-values between R-5 and R-6, and Open Cell has R-values between R-3.5 and R-4. Closed Cell spray foam initially installs at R-8, but it’s R-Value dimishes as the blowing agent evaporates, settling around R-6. Open Cell has a greater expansion rate, so less is needed to insulate a house. In either case, once you reach 5 inches of spray foam, you run into diminishing returns. Also, the cost of the foam is determined by the installer, not the manufacturer, so it pays to get many bids before choosing an installer.
The most common way to add in insulation is blown in cellulose or fiberglass. Cellulose is made of 80% post consumer recycled materials, has an R-3 to R-4 value and only costs about 25 cents per square foot of wall space, but it has a tendency to settle and leave voids. Fiberglass has an R-2.5 to R-4 value depending on the wall cavity and the density of the installation and will not absorb water. Fiberglass costs about 45 cents per square foot of wall space.
Another way to use insulation to improve your energy efficiency is to insulate your water heater! Wrapping a water heater with an insulation kit can cut your water heating bill by 5 to 10%. You can also insulate bare copper tubing for additional savings.
Greening Your Home: Windows
U-Factor: This is a measure of the non-solar heat flow through all parts of the window (glass, frame, sash). Lower is better for this number. Values generally range from 0.14 (super insulating suspended film window) to 0.5 (standard double pane window).
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC): This is the percentage of the sun’s solar heat that passes through the window. The higher the number, the more passive solar heating potential.
Visible Transmittance(VT): This is a measure of the amount of visible light that passes through a window. Values range from 0 to 1. Most rating are between .3 and .8 because they take into account the light blocked by the frame. High VT maximizes daylight passing through.
Air Leakage(AL): This is a measure of the amount of air passing through the window assembly which is a major source of heat gain and loss. This rating is OPTIONAL and is measured in cubic feet per minute through a square foot of window. For this rating, you want to stick to something below 0.3. Lower is better.
Window Frames come in Aluminum, Wood, Clad, Vinyl, and Fiberglass. Wood is pretty but requires a lot of upkeep. Vinyl is low maintenance. Aluminum is low maintenance but highly conductive so you will lose a lot of heat. Clad offers the low maintenance of Vinyl, Aluminum or Fiberglass with the insulation and appeal of wood, but these are also generally the most expensive. The real key to choosing a window frame is durability. There is no rating method for durability of a window frame. A well constructed frame of any material is always better than a poorly constructed frame of another material. Read everything you can about the windows you are considering. Notice how the corners are joined, how well the sashes seal and how rigid the unit is.
What about the glass? Is it worth it to spend more on triple glazed aluminum clad wood versus double glazed insulated fiberglass? Don’t be afraid, it’s not that bad. Glazing simply means glass. Double Glazed means there are two glass plates, triple glazed means there are three. A window is “insulated” if it has space between the panes and reduces the transfer of heat. Some windows replace the air between the windows with gas for improved insulation – mainly Argon and Krypton. Krypton is best because it allows smaller spaces between the panes which puts less stress on the sashes. If you think you are now so smart about windows you can start referring to them as fenestrations, someone may slap you, besides you still have a lot to learn.
Is your window Low-e? Low-e means there is an energy efficient coating on the window. Most windows manufactured after the 70s are Low-e. Low-e coating reflects short wave radiation (less heat gain), filters UV rays (less fading), reflects long wave radiation (less heat loss), and if they are tinted, they temper visible light.
Films are another way to control heat flow through a window. There are high solar gain and low solar gain films. One lightweight film can be the equivalent efficiency of a 5 pane window without the weight and cost. Most windows are R1-R3 rating, but films can increase that value as high as R-11 which can rival the insulation in walls in many parts of the country.
Some other features are impact resistant glass, privacy glass and self cleaning windows. If you live in a hurricane or tornado prone area, you may even be required to have windows that are made from tempered glass to keep the window from shattering when it is broken. Frames are also rated as impact zone 2, 3, and 4 – at level 4, the window can withstand a strike from 2-8 foot 2 x 4s travelling at 50 feet per second followed by 9000 cycles of negative and positive pressure wind similar to that of a hurricane. If you are putting a window in the bathroom, you may want to look at privacy glass such as pebbled, frosted or wavy glass that lets light in, but not peeping toms. These forms of glass also inhibit sound transference if you happen to be a loud bather :P. Finally, if you don’t do windows, technology has finally given you a nod with windows that have been coated with a special finish to keep dirt from adhering and rain from collecting.
Different parts of the country have different window requirements. For example, if you live in Florida, you want glass that is impact resistant, has a U-Factor of <0.65 and an SHGC of < 0.4. If you live in Kentucky or North Carolina, you probably don’t care so much about impact resistance, would want a U-Factor of <0.4 and an SHGC of < 0.55. It's important to pick a window that is appropriate for your area.
Now that you know about the technical stuff, you can choose the other stuff like Double Hung (traditional), Awning (opens at the bottom – seen above doors), Tilt and Turn (tilts in for easy cleaning), Casement (side hinged to open outwards), Horizontal Slider (slides left to right instead of up and down), Fixed (doesn’t open at all) or Hopper (upside down version of awning – seen in basements).
Have you started bragging about your fenestrations yet?
Whole Grain Custard Cake
1/15/2010: Happyness
Aristotle explains that the reason why so many people are unhappy in life is because they choose mates simply for pleasure or utility. In other words, mates who are only sex-mates, ego-mates and/or wallet-mates.
Real-deal love happiness, according to Aristotle, comes from being involved in "a relationship of shared virtue," where you pick a mate who gets you at your core and lovingly inspires, challenges and supports you to become your best possible soul self.
"A relationship of shared virtue," therefore, is when you and your partner both welcome putting up with the temporary pain of personal change for the greater gain of personal growth -- or what Aristotle calls "the education of the soul."
According to Aristotle, this personal growth or "education of the soul" is definitely worth developing because every time you put forth the effort to stretch and strengthen your soul, you increase your overall happiness. Basically, he believed that true happiness comes from surrounding yourself with people, habits and experiences which help you grow into your best possible self.
With all this in mind, putting in the work of "good compromise" is a positive way to ensure you're stretching and strengthening your soul so you can grow into your best possible self and increase your overall happiness.
Be happy!